Difference between revisions of "California Fruit Canners Association"

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| primary_town = San Francisco, CA
 
| primary_town = San Francisco, CA
 
| primary_dates = 1899 - 1916
 
| primary_dates = 1899 - 1916
−
| predecessors =[[F. P. Cutting Company]], [[San Jose Fruit Packing | San Jose Fruit Packing Company]], [[King-Morse Canning Company]], [[Oakland Preserving Company]], [[M. J. Fontana and Company]], [[Sacramento Packing Company]], [[California Fruit Preserving Company]], and [[Marysville Packing Company]], [[Hunt Brothers Packing Company]], [[Rose City Packing Company]], [[A. F. Tenney Canning Company]], [[Courtland Canning Company]], the [[Whitter Cannery]], [[Chico Canning Company]], [[Lincoln Fruit Packing Company]], [[Sutter Canning & Packing Company]], and [[Southern California Packing Company]].  CFCA also ran dried fruit packing houses<ref>William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. 1982, Del Monte Corporation. p. 30</ref>.
+
| predecessors =[[F. P. Cutting Company]], [[San Jose Fruit Packing | San Jose Fruit Packing Company]], [[King-Morse Canning Company]], [[Oakland Preserving Company]], [[M. J. Fontana and Company]], [[Sacramento Packing Company]], [[California Fruit Preserving Company]], and [[Marysville Packing Company]], [[Rose City Packing Company]], [[A. F. Tenney Canning Company]], [[Courtland Canning Company]], the [[Whitter Cannery]], [[Chico Canning Company]], [[Lincoln Fruit Packing Company]], [[Sutter Canning & Packing Company]], and [[Southern California Packing Company]].  CFCA also ran dried fruit packing houses<ref>William Braznell, ''California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand''. Del Monte Corporation, 1982. p. 30</ref>.
 +
| successors = [[California Packing Corporation]]
 
}}
 
}}
−
California Fruit Canners Association was a company formed by the consolidation of eighteen canning companies.  The CFCA was formed on June 15, 1899; the merger was intended to help efficiency by sharing costs and increase purchase prices for crops that would rival the cooperatives<ref>History San Jose, [http://www.historysanjose.org/cannerylife/through-the-years/1872-1916/ca-fruit-canners-association.html California Fruit Canners Association].</ref>. CFCA also cut costs through exclusive agency deals with wholesalers; [[J. K. Armsby]] initially was the broker for the CFCA, but within a few years had the midwest agency given to another company, and found the CFCA willing to sell its own products on the west coast<ref>William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. 1982, Del Monte Corporation</ref>.  The CFCA took all parts of the companies - 30 canneries, trademarks, and paraphenalia.  The CFCA represented a huge chunk of U.S. canning capacity, estimated at not more than 60% of the canned fruit market.  CFCA merged into the new [[California Packing Corporation]] at the company's inception in 1916.   
+
California Fruit Canners Association was a company formed by the consolidation of eighteen canning companies.  The CFCA was formed on June 15, 1899; the merger was intended to help efficiency by sharing costs and increase purchase prices for crops that would rival the cooperatives<ref>History San Jose, [http://www.historysanjose.org/cannerylife/through-the-years/1872-1916/ca-fruit-canners-association.html California Fruit Canners Association].</ref>. CFCA also cut costs through exclusive agency deals with wholesalers; [[J. K. Armsby]] initially was the broker for the CFCA, but within a few years had the Midwest agency given to another company, and found the CFCA willing to sell its own products on the west coast<ref>William Braznell, ''California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand''. Del Monte Corporation, 1982</ref>.  The CFCA took all parts of the companies - 30 canneries, trademarks, and paraphernalia.  The CFCA represented a huge chunk of U.S. canning capacity, estimated at not more than 60% of the canned fruit market.  CFCA merged into the new [[California Packing Corporation]] at the company's inception in 1916.   
  
−
Original members of the CFCA included the [[F. P. Cutting Company]], [[San Jose Fruit Packing | San Jose Fruit Packing Company]], [[King-Morse Canning Company]], [[Oakland Preserving Company]], [[M. J. Fontana and Company]], [[Sacramento Packing Company]], [[California Fruit Preserving Company]], and [[Marysville Packing Company]].  In 1900, the company took over nine more companies, including [[Hunt Brothers Packing Company]], [[Rose City Packing Company]], [[A. F. Tenney Canning Company]], [[Courtland Canning Company]], the [[Whitter Cannery]], [[Chico Canning Company]], [[Lincoln Fruit Packing Company]], [[Sutter Canning & Packing Company]], and [[Southern California Packing Company]].  "Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities."  About half of the initial plants were in California; the rest were in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii. A list of the 1901 canneries appears in a California board of horticulture biennial report from 1901.
+
An 1899 news article claimed that twenty-six of the twenty-nine large canneries in California were planning on joining including Hunt Brothers; they excluded California Canneries, [[Code-Portwood Canning Company]], and Southern California Packing Co.  They also ignored the "few small canneries" including "the Chinese cannery, the Los Gatos, the Ainsley, the Overland, the Corbille, Golden Gate"<ref>"A Cannery Combine" [http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=PRP18990617.2.22.1# ''Pacific Rural Press'', June 17, 1899].</ref>.
  
−
"The California Fruit Canners' Association, which has for years been the dominant factor in the canning business on the Pacific Coast, was organized on June 15, 1899; and the efforts toward consolidation of the California packers were crowned with partial success. The association included originally the following plants : Cutting Packing Company, [[San Jose Fruit Packing]] Company, King-Morse Company, [[Oakland Preserving Company]], Fontana & Company, [[Sacramento Packing Company]], California Fruit Preserving Company, and Marysville Packing Company In 1900, nine more plants were taken over, including: Hunt Bros. Fruit Packing Company, Rose City Packing Company, A. F. Tenney Canning Company, Courtland Canning Company, Whittier Cannery, Chico Canning Company, Lincoln Fruit Pack- ing Company, Sutter Canning & Packing Company, and Southern California Packing Company Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities. During the season of 1914, seventeen canning factories were operated by the association."<ref>The Seal of Safety Year Book for 1914: [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924003559865/cu31924003559865_djvu.txt The Canning Industry in California] .</ref>
+
Guaranteed members of the CFCA included the [[F. P. Cutting Company]] in Oakland, [[San Jose Fruit Packing | San Jose Fruit Packing Company]], [[King-Morse Canning Company]] in San Francisco and San Leandro, [[Oakland Preserving Company]], [[M. J. Fontana and Company]] in San Francisco, [[Sacramento Packing Company]], [[California Fruit Preserving Company]], and [[Marysville Packing Company]].  In 1900, the company took over nine more companies, including [[Rose City Packing Company]] of Santa Rosa, [[A. F. Tenney Canning Company]] in Fresno, [[Courtland Canning Company]], the [[Whitter Cannery]], [[Chico Canning Company]], [[Lincoln Fruit Packing Company]], [[Sutter Canning & Packing Company]], and [[Southern California Packing Company]].  "Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities."  About half of the initial plants were in California; the rest were in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii. A list of the 1901 canneries appears in a California board of horticulture biennial report from 1901.
  
−
The number of canneries varied over time; By 1914, the company had seventeen separate canneries<ref>ibid.</ref>. In 1913, light fruit crops meant that only five of the twenty-six caneries were operating that year. In 1915, CFCA had fifty Del Monte branded products, and 72 other leading brands<ref>William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Mote Brand. 1982, Del Monte Corporation. p.30</ref>.
+
"The California Fruit Canners' Association, which has for years been the dominant factor in the canning business on the Pacific Coast, was organized on June 15, 1899; and the efforts toward consolidation of the California packers were crowned with partial success. The association included originally the following plants : Cutting Packing Company, [[San Jose Fruit Packing]] Company, King-Morse Company, [[Oakland Preserving Company]], Fontana & Company, [[Sacramento Packing Company]], California Fruit Preserving Company, and Marysville Packing Company In 1900, nine more plants were taken over, including: Hunt Bros. Fruit Packing Company, Rose City Packing Company, A. F. Tenney Canning Company, Courtland Canning Company, Whittier Cannery, Chico Canning Company, Lincoln Fruit Packing Company, Sutter Canning & Packing Company, and Southern California Packing Company Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities. During the season of 1914, seventeen canning factories were operated by the association."<ref>''The Seal of Safety Year Book for 1914'': [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924003559865/cu31924003559865_djvu.txt The Canning Industry in California] .</ref>
  
−
The company was led by the principals of some of the formative companies<ref>William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. 1982, Del Monte Corporation</ref>.  Mark Fontana and partner William Fries led the consolidation, with Fontana (founder of Italian Swiss Clony and M. J. Fontanta]] was the first superintendent, and Fries the initial president.  Other organizers include Sydney Smith of [[F. P. Cutting Company | F. P. Cutting]], Fredrick Tillman Jr. of the [[Oakland Preserving Company]], and Robert and Charles Bentley of the [[Sacramento Packing Company]]. 
+
"In 1913, the California Fruit Canners' Association operated the world's largest cannery in North Beach. It had a capacity of 24 million cans a year, about one-seventh of the state total, and most of the more than 1,000 workers were Italians." <ref>Dino Cinel, ''From Italy to San Francisco: The Immigrant Experience'', Stanford University Press, 1982, pg 232</ref>
  
−
When the [[California Packing Corporation]] was formed, CFCA's size and experience meant that its principals often led Del Monte.  T.B. Dawson became the general superintendent of [[Del Monte]]; Robert Bentley, formerly of the [[Golden Gate Packing Company]], became the president of the [[California Packing Corporation]].
+
The number of canneries varied over time; By 1914, the company had seventeen separate canneries<ref>ibid.</ref>.  [[Robert Bentley]] named them as "two in San Francisco, one in Oakland, one in San Jose, one in Stockton, one in Sacramento, one at Marysville, one at Hanford, one at Visalia, one at Los Angeles, one at Santa Rosa, one each at Leandro, Milpitas, Vorden, and Pittsburg.", with twelve million dollars in sales every year<ref>Testimony of Mr. R. I. Bentley: The seasonal problem in agriculture.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ceAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA4960&ots=AQFdWFhzTa&dq=%22george%20e.%20hyde%22%20packer&pg=PA4913#v=onepage&q=%22george%20e.%20hyde%22%20packer&f=false Final Report and Testimony Submitted to Congress by the Commission on Industrial Relations created by the act of August 23, 1912.] U.S. Senate document no. 415, 1916.</ref>. In 1913, light fruit crops meant that only five of the twenty-six caneries were operating that year.  In 1915, CFCA had fifty Del Monte branded products, and 72 other leading brands<ref>William Braznell, ''California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand''. Del Monte Corporation, 1982, p.30</ref>.
  
 +
The company was led by the principals of some of the formative companies<ref>William Braznell, ''California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand''. Del Monte Corporation, 1982</ref>.  [[Marco Fontana]] and partner [[William Fries]] led the consolidation, with Fontana (founder of [[Italian Swiss Colony]] and [[M. J. Fontana and Company]] was the first superintendent, and Fries the initial president.  Other organizers include Sydney Smith of [[F. P. Cutting Company | F. P. Cutting]], Fredrick Tillman Jr. of the [[Oakland Preserving Company]], and [[Robert Bentley]] and [[Charles Harvey Bentley]] of the [[Sacramento Packing Company]]. 
 +
 +
When the [[California Packing Corporation]] was formed, CFCA's size and experience meant that its principals often led Del Monte.  T.B. Dawson, son of the founder of the [[San Jose Fruit Packing | San Jose Fruit Packing Company]], became the general superintendent of [[Del Monte]]; Robert Bentley, formerly of the [[Golden Gate Packing Company]], became the president of the [[California Packing Corporation]].
 +
 +
Contemporary news reports suggest that the formation of the CFCA led to some nasty competitive battles, both with the growers and with other canners. See [[Opposition to the California Fruit Canners' Association]] for more details.
 
==Locations==
 
==Locations==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Location !! Years !! Address !! Details
+
! Location !! Plant # !! Years !! Address !! Details
 +
|-
 +
| Chico || || 1906<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB4qAQAAIAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA543&ots=xGqGjRdJYk&dq=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&pg=RA1-PA543#v=onepage&q=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&f=false 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register].  Listed as shipper of carload freight.</ref> || ||
 +
|-
 +
| Fresno || || 1907<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB4qAQAAIAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA543&ots=xGqGjRdJYk&dq=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&pg=RA1-PA543#v=onepage&q=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&f=false 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register].  Listed as shipper of carload freight.</ref>, 1909 || || Plant destroyed by fire on May 25, 1909<ref>[[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SRPD19090526.2.20 Cannery Destroyed By Fire]].  May 26, 1909 Santa Rosa Press-Democrat.  Value of property was $500,000; 200 employees thrown out of work.</ref>. The plant was not rebuilt by 1910, but instead shipped fruit to Hanford and Visalia<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=KEDgNQWIp-8C&lpg=PR272&ots=4hXACFFwNH&dq=california%20fruit%20canners%20association%20plant&pg=PR272#v=onepage&q=california%20fruit%20canners%20association%20plant&f=false Canning Notes]].  July 16, 1910 California Fruit Grower.  "The California Fruit Canners Association cannery at Fresno, which was burned down last summer, has not been rebuilt, and the customary pack heretofore made at that point will be taken care of at Hanford and Visalia by increased runs at these plants."</ref>.
 +
|-
 +
| Hanford || || 1907, 1915 || || Plant not in operation in 1915<ref>Canning Notes: July 24, 1915 California Fruit News.  "According to Hanford advices it has been announced officially that the Hanford plant of the California Fruit Canners Association will not open for operation this year, for  peach canning, but that the fruit already purchased under contract will be shipped north for canning."</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| Healdsburg ||  || 1907<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB4qAQAAIAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA543&ots=xGqGjRdJYk&dq=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&pg=RA1-PA543#v=onepage&q=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&f=false 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register].  Listed as shipper of carload freight.</ref> || ||
 +
|-
 +
| Los Angeles ||  #22<ref>1906 Sanborn Map, Los Angeles CA.  Volume 4, pg. 444. </ref> || 1900-1916 || 900 Macy Street || Corner of Macy and Mission Road, between Mission Road and the Los Angeles and Salt Lake railroad tracks.  Former [[Sherman Concentrated Fruit Company]] warehouse being used by CFCA in 1906 according to Sanborn map.  Became California Packing Corporation plant<ref>Additions: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ko09AQAAMAAJ&lpg=RA9-PA18&ots=j0mj-_iF3g&dq=%22california%20packing%20corporation%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20street&pg=RA9-PA18#v=onepage&q=%22california%20packing%20corporation%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20street&f=false March 5, 1920 Southwest Builder and Contractor].  Work on basement being done by Pozzo Construction. </ref>.
 +
|-
 +
| Marysville || || 1907, 1915 || || Former [[Marysville Packing Company]].  Was canning plums and peaches in 1910<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=KEDgNQWIp-8C&lpg=PR272&ots=4hXACFFwNH&dq=california%20fruit%20canners%20association%20plant&pg=PR272#v=onepage&q=california%20fruit%20canners%20association%20plant&f=false Canning Notes]].  July 16, 1910 California Fruit Grower.</ref>.
 +
|-
 +
| Milpitas || || 1907, 1915 || || Former [[Oakland Preserving Company]]<ref>Ralph E. Smith, [Asparagus and Asparagus Rust In California].  Bulletin 165, University of California College of Agriculture Agricultural Extension Station, January 1905.  Includes photos of Milpitas, Sacramento, and Vorden canneries.</ref>.
 +
|-
 +
| Oakland || || 1907, 1915 || 1st and Linden<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=HwM1AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA613&ots=4k0Y167V7n&dq=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&pg=PA613#v=onepage&q=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&f=false 1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory]].</ref> ||  Former [[Oakland Preserving Company]]
 +
|-
 +
| Pittsburg || || 1915 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| San Jose || 1899-1915 || [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Auzerais%20Avenue%20%281899-1915%29,San%20Jose Auzerais Avenue (1899-1915)] ||  
+
| Sacramento || ||  1907, 1915 || || Former [[Sacramento Packing Company]].
−
Becomes Del Monte
+
|-
−
 
+
| San Francisco || || 1915 || Van Ness av & Bay<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=HwM1AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA613&ots=4k0Y167V7n&dq=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&pg=PA613#v=onepage&q=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&f=false 1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory]].</ref> || Former  [[M. J. Fontana and Company]].
 +
|-
 +
| San Francisco || || 1907 || 436 Sansome<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=HwM1AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA613&ots=4k0Y167V7n&dq=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&pg=PA613#v=onepage&q=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&f=false 1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory]].</ref> || 1906 photo available<ref>Michael Corbett, "Port City".  Page 55.  Photo just before the 1906 earthquake.ww</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| San Francisco ||  || 1907, 1915  || 7th and Berry<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=HwM1AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA613&ots=4k0Y167V7n&dq=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&pg=PA613#v=onepage&q=cannery%2010th%20bryant%20san%20francisco&f=false 1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory]].</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| San Jose || ||  1899-1915 || [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Auzerais%20Avenue%20%281899-1915%29,San%20Jose Auzerais Avenue (1899-1915)] || Becomes Del Monte
 +
|-
 +
| San Jose || || 1900, 1902, 1904, 1906 || [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=San%20Carlos%20Avenue%20at%20narrow%20gauge%20tracks,San%20Jose San Carlos Avenue at narrow gauge tracks] ||
 +
|-
 +
| San Leandro ||  || 1907, 1915 || || Former [[King-Morse Canning Company]].
 +
|-
 +
| Santa Ana || || || || Former [[F. P. Cutting Company]] plant, became [[Del Monte]]<ref>[http://coastdaylight.com/ljames1/scph_orange_sa.html Packing Houses of Southern California]], Santa Ana page.</ref>, abandoned by 1960's.
 +
|-
 +
| Santa Rosa ||  || 1915 || ||  [[Rose City Packing Company]]
 +
|-
 +
| Stockton || ||  1915 || ||
 +
|-
 +
| Visalia ||  || 1915 || ||  Probably former [[A. F. Tenney Canning Company]].
 +
|-
 +
| Vorden || || 1907<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB4qAQAAIAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA543&ots=xGqGjRdJYk&dq=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&pg=RA1-PA543#v=onepage&q=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&f=false 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register].  Listed as shipper of carload freight.</ref>, 1915 || || Former [[Courtland Canning Company]].  Asparagus.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| San Jose || 1900, 1902, 1904, 1906 || [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=San%20Carlos%20Avenue%20at%20narrow%20gauge%20tracks,San%20Jose San Carlos Avenue at narrow gauge tracks] ||  
+
| Yuba City || || 1907<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB4qAQAAIAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA543&ots=xGqGjRdJYk&dq=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&pg=RA1-PA543#v=onepage&q=436%20sansome%20california%20fruit%20canners%20association&f=false 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register].  Listed as shipper of carload freight.</ref> || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==California Fruit Canners Association in Los Angeles==
 +
In 1903, the cashier for the CFCA took some signed, blank checks, wrote them payable to himself, and fled with $5,000, "deserting his wife and seven children."  J. Weller Reed, the cashier, bought a ticket for Duarte, but disappeared<ref>Cashier Reed of the California Fruit Canners' Association Disappears with Nearly $5,000 of the Company's Funds: [http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19030929.2.8 September 29, 1903 Los Angeles Herald].</ref>.
 +
 +
The Los Angeles plant was also well-known for using child labor, with reports of 13 and 14 year old children doing 16 hours work.  The manager, Weightman Smith, was brought up on charges in 1905, but political connections and helpful rulings from the judge and district attorney helped him avoid prosecution<Ref>Jeffrey D.  Stansbury, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qZj_J20Teo8C&lpg=PA156&ots=jbeZripuog&dq=%22california%20fruit%20canners%20association%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20st&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q=%22california%20fruit%20canners%20association%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20st&f=false Organized Workers and the Making of Los Angeles, 1890-1915], Ph.D. Dissertation, History Department, Los Angeles, 2008.</ref>.
 +
 +
The Los Angeles plant became a California Packing Corporation plant, and had work done on the basement in 1920<ref>Additions: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ko09AQAAMAAJ&lpg=RA9-PA18&ots=j0mj-_iF3g&dq=%22california%20packing%20corporation%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20street&pg=RA9-PA18#v=onepage&q=%22california%20packing%20corporation%22%20los%20angeles%20macy%20street&f=false March 5, 1920 Southwest Builder and Contractor].  Work on basement being done by Pozzo Construction. </ref>.
 +
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
 +
 +
[[Category:Associations]]
 +
[[Category:San Francisco]]
 
[[Category:Cannery]]
 
[[Category:Cannery]]
 +
[[Category:West San Jose]]

Latest revision as of 07:47, 2 February 2017

Summary
Business

Cannery
Main Location

San Francisco, CA
Active

1899 - 1916
Predecessors

F. P. Cutting Company, San Jose Fruit Packing Company, King-Morse Canning Company, Oakland Preserving Company, M. J. Fontana and Company, Sacramento Packing Company, California Fruit Preserving Company, and Marysville Packing Company, Rose City Packing Company, A. F. Tenney Canning Company, Courtland Canning Company, the Whitter Cannery, Chico Canning Company, Lincoln Fruit Packing Company, Sutter Canning & Packing Company, and Southern California Packing Company. CFCA also ran dried fruit packing houses[1].
Successors

California Packing Corporation

California Fruit Canners Association was a company formed by the consolidation of eighteen canning companies. The CFCA was formed on June 15, 1899; the merger was intended to help efficiency by sharing costs and increase purchase prices for crops that would rival the cooperatives[2]. CFCA also cut costs through exclusive agency deals with wholesalers; J. K. Armsby initially was the broker for the CFCA, but within a few years had the Midwest agency given to another company, and found the CFCA willing to sell its own products on the west coast[3]. The CFCA took all parts of the companies - 30 canneries, trademarks, and paraphernalia. The CFCA represented a huge chunk of U.S. canning capacity, estimated at not more than 60% of the canned fruit market. CFCA merged into the new California Packing Corporation at the company's inception in 1916.

An 1899 news article claimed that twenty-six of the twenty-nine large canneries in California were planning on joining including Hunt Brothers; they excluded California Canneries, Code-Portwood Canning Company, and Southern California Packing Co. They also ignored the "few small canneries" including "the Chinese cannery, the Los Gatos, the Ainsley, the Overland, the Corbille, Golden Gate"[4].

Guaranteed members of the CFCA included the F. P. Cutting Company in Oakland, San Jose Fruit Packing Company, King-Morse Canning Company in San Francisco and San Leandro, Oakland Preserving Company, M. J. Fontana and Company in San Francisco, Sacramento Packing Company, California Fruit Preserving Company, and Marysville Packing Company. In 1900, the company took over nine more companies, including Rose City Packing Company of Santa Rosa, A. F. Tenney Canning Company in Fresno, Courtland Canning Company, the Whitter Cannery, Chico Canning Company, Lincoln Fruit Packing Company, Sutter Canning & Packing Company, and Southern California Packing Company. "Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities." About half of the initial plants were in California; the rest were in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii. A list of the 1901 canneries appears in a California board of horticulture biennial report from 1901.

"The California Fruit Canners' Association, which has for years been the dominant factor in the canning business on the Pacific Coast, was organized on June 15, 1899; and the efforts toward consolidation of the California packers were crowned with partial success. The association included originally the following plants : Cutting Packing Company, San Jose Fruit Packing Company, King-Morse Company, Oakland Preserving Company, Fontana & Company, Sacramento Packing Company, California Fruit Preserving Company, and Marysville Packing Company In 1900, nine more plants were taken over, including: Hunt Bros. Fruit Packing Company, Rose City Packing Company, A. F. Tenney Canning Company, Courtland Canning Company, Whittier Cannery, Chico Canning Company, Lincoln Fruit Packing Company, Sutter Canning & Packing Company, and Southern California Packing Company Thus, at the end of the second season, the California Fruit Canners' Association controlled twenty-seven plants in twenty-two cities. During the season of 1914, seventeen canning factories were operated by the association."[5]

"In 1913, the California Fruit Canners' Association operated the world's largest cannery in North Beach. It had a capacity of 24 million cans a year, about one-seventh of the state total, and most of the more than 1,000 workers were Italians." [6]

The number of canneries varied over time; By 1914, the company had seventeen separate canneries[7]. Robert Bentley named them as "two in San Francisco, one in Oakland, one in San Jose, one in Stockton, one in Sacramento, one at Marysville, one at Hanford, one at Visalia, one at Los Angeles, one at Santa Rosa, one each at Leandro, Milpitas, Vorden, and Pittsburg.", with twelve million dollars in sales every year[8]. In 1913, light fruit crops meant that only five of the twenty-six caneries were operating that year. In 1915, CFCA had fifty Del Monte branded products, and 72 other leading brands[9].

The company was led by the principals of some of the formative companies[10]. Marco Fontana and partner William Fries led the consolidation, with Fontana (founder of Italian Swiss Colony and M. J. Fontana and Company was the first superintendent, and Fries the initial president. Other organizers include Sydney Smith of F. P. Cutting, Fredrick Tillman Jr. of the Oakland Preserving Company, and Robert Bentley and Charles Harvey Bentley of the Sacramento Packing Company.

When the California Packing Corporation was formed, CFCA's size and experience meant that its principals often led Del Monte. T.B. Dawson, son of the founder of the San Jose Fruit Packing Company, became the general superintendent of Del Monte; Robert Bentley, formerly of the Golden Gate Packing Company, became the president of the California Packing Corporation.

Contemporary news reports suggest that the formation of the CFCA led to some nasty competitive battles, both with the growers and with other canners. See Opposition to the California Fruit Canners' Association for more details.

Locations

Location Plant # Years Address Details
Chico 1906[11]
Fresno 1907[12], 1909 Plant destroyed by fire on May 25, 1909[13]. The plant was not rebuilt by 1910, but instead shipped fruit to Hanford and Visalia[14].
Hanford 1907, 1915 Plant not in operation in 1915[15]
Healdsburg 1907[16]
Los Angeles #22[17] 1900-1916 900 Macy Street Corner of Macy and Mission Road, between Mission Road and the Los Angeles and Salt Lake railroad tracks. Former Sherman Concentrated Fruit Company warehouse being used by CFCA in 1906 according to Sanborn map. Became California Packing Corporation plant[18].
Marysville 1907, 1915 Former Marysville Packing Company. Was canning plums and peaches in 1910[19].
Milpitas 1907, 1915 Former Oakland Preserving Company[20].
Oakland 1907, 1915 1st and Linden[21] Former Oakland Preserving Company
Pittsburg 1915
Sacramento 1907, 1915 Former Sacramento Packing Company.
San Francisco 1915 Van Ness av & Bay[22] Former M. J. Fontana and Company.
San Francisco 1907 436 Sansome[23] 1906 photo available[24]
San Francisco 1907, 1915 7th and Berry[25]
San Jose 1899-1915 Auzerais Avenue (1899-1915) Becomes Del Monte
San Jose 1900, 1902, 1904, 1906 San Carlos Avenue at narrow gauge tracks
San Leandro 1907, 1915 Former King-Morse Canning Company.
Santa Ana Former F. P. Cutting Company plant, became Del Monte[26], abandoned by 1960's.
Santa Rosa 1915 Rose City Packing Company
Stockton 1915
Visalia 1915 Probably former A. F. Tenney Canning Company.
Vorden 1907[27], 1915 Former Courtland Canning Company. Asparagus.
Yuba City 1907[28]

California Fruit Canners Association in Los Angeles

In 1903, the cashier for the CFCA took some signed, blank checks, wrote them payable to himself, and fled with $5,000, "deserting his wife and seven children." J. Weller Reed, the cashier, bought a ticket for Duarte, but disappeared[29].

The Los Angeles plant was also well-known for using child labor, with reports of 13 and 14 year old children doing 16 hours work. The manager, Weightman Smith, was brought up on charges in 1905, but political connections and helpful rulings from the judge and district attorney helped him avoid prosecution[30].

The Los Angeles plant became a California Packing Corporation plant, and had work done on the basement in 1920[31].

References

  1. ↑ William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. Del Monte Corporation, 1982. p. 30
  2. ↑ History San Jose, California Fruit Canners Association.
  3. ↑ William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. Del Monte Corporation, 1982
  4. ↑ "A Cannery Combine" Pacific Rural Press, June 17, 1899.
  5. ↑ The Seal of Safety Year Book for 1914: The Canning Industry in California .
  6. ↑ Dino Cinel, From Italy to San Francisco: The Immigrant Experience, Stanford University Press, 1982, pg 232
  7. ↑ ibid.
  8. ↑ Testimony of Mr. R. I. Bentley: The seasonal problem in agriculture. Final Report and Testimony Submitted to Congress by the Commission on Industrial Relations created by the act of August 23, 1912. U.S. Senate document no. 415, 1916.
  9. ↑ William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. Del Monte Corporation, 1982, p.30
  10. ↑ William Braznell, California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. Del Monte Corporation, 1982
  11. ↑ 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register. Listed as shipper of carload freight.
  12. ↑ 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register. Listed as shipper of carload freight.
  13. ↑ [Cannery Destroyed By Fire]. May 26, 1909 Santa Rosa Press-Democrat. Value of property was $500,000; 200 employees thrown out of work.
  14. ↑ [Canning Notes]. July 16, 1910 California Fruit Grower. "The California Fruit Canners Association cannery at Fresno, which was burned down last summer, has not been rebuilt, and the customary pack heretofore made at that point will be taken care of at Hanford and Visalia by increased runs at these plants."
  15. ↑ Canning Notes: July 24, 1915 California Fruit News. "According to Hanford advices it has been announced officially that the Hanford plant of the California Fruit Canners Association will not open for operation this year, for peach canning, but that the fruit already purchased under contract will be shipped north for canning."
  16. ↑ 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register. Listed as shipper of carload freight.
  17. ↑ 1906 Sanborn Map, Los Angeles CA. Volume 4, pg. 444.
  18. ↑ Additions: March 5, 1920 Southwest Builder and Contractor. Work on basement being done by Pozzo Construction.
  19. ↑ [Canning Notes]. July 16, 1910 California Fruit Grower.
  20. ↑ Ralph E. Smith, [Asparagus and Asparagus Rust In California]. Bulletin 165, University of California College of Agriculture Agricultural Extension Station, January 1905. Includes photos of Milpitas, Sacramento, and Vorden canneries.
  21. ↑ [1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory].
  22. ↑ [1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory].
  23. ↑ [1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory].
  24. ↑ Michael Corbett, "Port City". Page 55. Photo just before the 1906 earthquake.ww
  25. ↑ [1907 San Francisco-Oakland Directory].
  26. ↑ Packing Houses of Southern California], Santa Ana page.
  27. ↑ 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register. Listed as shipper of carload freight.
  28. ↑ 1907 Official Railroad Equipment Register. Listed as shipper of carload freight.
  29. ↑ Cashier Reed of the California Fruit Canners' Association Disappears with Nearly $5,000 of the Company's Funds: September 29, 1903 Los Angeles Herald.
  30. ↑ Jeffrey D. Stansbury, Organized Workers and the Making of Los Angeles, 1890-1915, Ph.D. Dissertation, History Department, Los Angeles, 2008.
  31. ↑ Additions: March 5, 1920 Southwest Builder and Contractor. Work on basement being done by Pozzo Construction.
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